School Girl" Replication Project (SSG)

The "School Girl" (SSG) is a deliberately simple public build of the Bedini Motor/Generator/Charger, presented in the source archive Bedini dossier via a reproduced PESWiki replication page. The framing attributed to Peter Lindemann in that dossier is that the design is simple enough that a schoolgirl could build it and demonstrate motor operation plus energy recovery; the PESWiki text likewise attributes the design's simplicity to the goal of a beginner-level replication.

The PESWiki text describes the SSG as "the most basic rendition of a patented circuit developed by John Bedini and researched by Dr. Peter A. Lindemann, based on the technology of Nikola Tesla, with follow-up work by Edwin Gray, Moray, and others," and states that Bedini "has done away with the need for a discharge gap." These are the source's own lineage and design claims, not independently established findings.

Circuit key (PESWiki, drawn by Bedini)

Preserved as technical data:

B = Base; C = Collector; E = Emitter
R1 = 680 Ohms resistor
D1 = 1N4001 Diode
D2 = 1N4007 Diode
B1 = Run Battery; B2 = Charge Battery
Transistor: 2N3055
Neon bulb between collector and emitter
Coil: ~450 turns, two wires wound together
Magnet gap: 1/8 inch, variable; magnets spaced no closer than 1.5–2 widths; North pole facing coil

Assembly notes

• The frame stand must be non-magnetic and mechanically stable front-to-back and left-to-right.
• The gap between the coil spool and the magnet-lined wheel should be 1/8 inch, and should be variable for experimental purposes.
• Magnets are mounted with the North pole facing out, toward the coil; the North end is identified with a compass and labeled.
• With a single coil, equal-distance spacing of magnets is not critical; there is a limiting minimum distance but no maximum, and spacing need not be uniform. With multiple coils and a separate circuit for each, spacing must be symmetrical for proper firing, and magnets should not be spaced closer than 1.5 to 2 widths.
• Coils are loosely wound at approximately 450 turns, with the two wires wound together. Turn count is not critical, but an accurate count is necessary for proper scientific recording.

Operating claims (attributed to the PESWiki/Bedini framing)

The following are assertions made in the source's own framing. They are reported here as attributed claims, not as established results:

• The motor must be started by an external push, after which it turns on its own from the firing of the coil electromagnet, gradually increasing in speed to an optimum around 300 rpm.
• Applying load to the wheel results in lower amperage drawn from the input battery, because that draw depends on the rate of firing only.
• The charger output "doesn't heat them, but actually refurbishes them."
• Charging "takes less energy input by far than what is normally required, implicating Radiant (or whatever name is most suitable) energy infusion in the process."

No energy accounting supporting these claims is reproduced in the available material.

Safety warnings

• The neon bulb must be installed, or the transistor will burn out — including if the device is run without a receiver load (battery) for the radiant energy. The neon bulb serves as a "shock absorber" for excess output energy.
• Do not draw power from the battery while it is being charged; charge one bank of batteries and discharge another, switching between them.
• The design "can shock, though not dangerously."

Reported test numbers

The dossier's test notes describe Test #4: starting at 2:05 PM with a primary battery measured at 9.5 V, charging three destination batteries in parallel, which reach 13 V at 2:40 PM; the primary is then discharged to 9 V under working load and can no longer run the motor. The summary reports a total of 12 lead-acid gel-cell batteries (12 V, 450 mA each) charged, described in the source as "a 12 to 1 charging factor," with the motor's mechanical work explicitly excluded from the calculation. Because that work is excluded, the factor is not a closed energy balance.

External replication evidence

A 2019 paper by Shahrel Fakhrurrazey et al. compares the original Bedini Monopole Mechanical Oscillator SSG Energizer with a 4-pole neodymium magnet Bedini SSG, identifying the battery Coefficient of Performance (COP) for both. It reports that the replication design charged faster, consumed less power, and improved COP by 8% compared to the original. A separate 2019 paper by M. N. Hidayat et al. in J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1402 033100 describes a radiant charger using 5 coils and 5 poles of neodymium magnet as a rotor drive. Both report performance comparisons; neither is described as demonstrating over-unity. A student project by Gay, Zheng Jie states an aim of testing the COP>1 claim, and an electronicsNmore video description explicitly disclaims proof ("Which I have not proven").

Measurement context

The SSG is the subject of the measurement debate centered on GeoM, who argues that only real power drawable from the receiving battery versus primary discharge constitutes a valid test, and that the output capacitor is the only energy route into the receiving battery. finsawyer's alternative proposal — using E = ½C(Vmax² − Vmin²) times pulses per second — is described in Capacitor-Energy Output Measurement. The two-phase capacitor cycle underlying the charging claim is described in Pulse Charging with a Two-Phase Capacitor Cycle, and the broader real-power-versus-primary-discharge distinction is treated in Real-Power Draw vs. Primary Discharge as a COP Test. The back-EMF capture family associated with the Bedini patents is described in Regauging and US6545444 — Device and Method for Utilizing a Monopole Motor to Create Back-EMF to Charge Batteries.

Related pages

• Bedini Motor/Generator/Charger
• GeoM
• John C. Bedini
• Peter Lindemann
• Pulse Charging with a Two-Phase Capacitor Cycle
• Capacitor-Energy Output Measurement
• Real-Power Draw vs. Primary Discharge as a COP Test
• Bedini Claims vs. Evidence: The Patents, the Inventor's Disclaimers and the Absence of an Energy Balance
• Regauging
• US6545444 — Device and Method for Utilizing a Monopole Motor to Create Back-EMF to Charge Batteries