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Text extraction covers 10 pages, including 10 transcribed by optical character recognition.

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(2)

United States Patent
Bedini

US006545444B2
(10) Patent No.: US 6,545,444 B2
(45) Date of Patent: Apr. 8, 2003

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DEVICE AND METHOD FOR UTILIZING A
MONOPOLE MOTOR TO CREATE BACK
EMF TO CHARGE BATTERIES

Inventor: John C. Bedini, Coeur d’Alene, ID

(Us)

Assignee: Bedini Technology, Inc., Coeur

D’Alene, ID (US)

Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this

patent is extended or adjusted under 35
US.C. 154(b) by 0 days.

Appl. No.: 09/805,762
Filed: Mar. 13, 2001

Prior Publication Data
US 2002/0130633 Al Sep. 19, 2002

US. Cl. .... seeeeee 318/798; 318/434; 318/138;
318/801; 318/802; 318/364; 318/139; 318/146;
318/806; 318/459

Field of Search... 318/798, 434,
318/138, 801, 802, 364, 134, 146, 806,

459; 388/928.1

References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS,

2,279,690 A
4,095,789 A

4/1942 Lindsey
10/1977 Lasater

4,893,067 A * 1/1990 Bhagwat et al. 318/599
5,377,094 A * 12/1994 Williams et al. 318/434
6,037,728 A * 3/2000 Petkovie .. 318/139
6,116,368 A * 9/2000 Lyons et al. 180/165

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

EP 0.573 065
Wo WO 94/17582

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

12/1993
8/1984

International Search Report, Jul. 23, 2002.

* cited by examiner

Primary Examiner—Karen Masih
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Graybeal Jackson Haley
LLP

(57) ABSTRACT

A back EMF monopole motor and method using a rotor
containing magnets all of the same polarity and in a mono-
pole condition when in momentary apposition with a mag-
netized pole piece of a stator having the same polarity, said
stator comprised of a coil with three windings: a power-coil
winding, a trigger-coil winding, and a recovery-coil wind-
ing. The back EMF energy is rectified using a high voltage
bridge, which transfers the back EMF energy to a high
voltage capacitor for storage in a recovery battery. The
stored energy can then be discharged across the recovery
battery through the means of a contact rotor switch for
further storage.

10 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets

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Page 2

U.S. Patent Apr. 8, 2003 Sheet 1 of 3 US 6,545,444 B2

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Fig. 1

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U.S. Patent Apr. 8, 2003 Sheet 2 of 3 US 6,545,444 B2

22

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U.S. Patent Apr. 8, 2003 Sheet 3 of 3 US 6,545,444 B2

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US 6,545,444 B2

1

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR UTILIZING A
MONOPOLE MOTOR TO CREATE BACK
EMF TO CHARGE BATTERIES

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relates generally to the capturing of avail-
able electromagnetic energy using a device and method for

creating an electromagnetic force (hereinafter, EMF) and 10

then using the available stored energy for recycling into the
system as stored energy. The method of creating back EMF
is the result of coupling/uncoupling a voltage source to and
from a coil.

BACKGROUND

Operation of present day normal magnetic motors has the
rotor pole attracting the stator pole, resulting in the genera-
tion of mechanical power from the magnets to the rotor and
flywheel. During this phase, energy flows from the magnet-
ics to the rotor/flywheel and is stored as kinetic energy in the
increased rotation. A rotor pole leaving a stator pole and
creating a condition of “drag” results in power having to be
put back into the magnetic section by the rotor and flywheel
to forcibly overcome the drag. In a perfect, friction-free
motor, the net force field is therefore referred to as “most
conservative”. A most conservative EMF motor has maxi-
mum efficiency. Without extra energy continually fed to the
motor, no net work can be done by the magnetic field, since
half the time the magnetic field adds energy to the load (the
rotor and flywheel) and the other half of the time it subtracts.
energy back from the load (the rotor and flywheel).
Therefore, the total net energy output is zero in any such
rotary process without additional energy input. To use a
present day magnetic motor, continuous energy must be
input into the motor to overcome drag and to power the
motor and its load.

Motors and generators presently in use, all use such
conservative fields and therefore, have internal losses.
Hence, it is necessary to continually input all of the energy
that the motor outputs to the load, plus more energy to cover
losses inside the motor itself. EMF motors are rated for
efficiency and performance by how much energy “input”
into the motor actually results in “output” energy to the load.
Normally, the Coefficient of Performance (hereinafter, COP)
rating is used as a measure of efficiency. The COP is the
actual output energy going into the load and powering it,
divided by the energy that must be input into the device with
its motor/load combination. If there were zero internal losses
in a motor, that “perfect” motor would have a COP equal to
1.0. That is, all energy input into the motor would be output
by the motor directly into the load, and none of the input
energy would be lost or dissipated in the motor itself.

In magnetic motor generators presently in use, however,
due to friction and design flaws, there are always internal
losses and inefficiencies. Some of the energy input into the
motor is dissipated in these internal losses. As a
consequence, the energy that gets to the load is always less
than the input energy. So a standard motor operates with a
COP of less than 1.0, which is expressed as COP<1.0. An
inefficient motor may have a COP=0.4 or 0.45, while a
specially designed, highly efficient motor may have a COP=
0.85.

The conservative field inside of a motor itself is divided
into two phases. Producing a conservative field involves net
symmetry between the “power out” phase from the magnet-
ics to the rotor/flywheel and the “power back in” phase from

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the rotor/flywheel back to the magnetics. That is, the two
flows of energy (one from the magnetics into the rotor and
flywheel, and one from the rotor and flywheel back to the
magnetics) are identical in magnitude but opposite in direc-
tion. Each phase alone is said to be “asymmetrical”, that is,
it either has: 1) a net energy flow out to the rotor/flywheel;
or 2) a net energy flow back into the magnetics from the
rotor/flywheel. In simplified terms, it is referred to as “power
out” and “power back in” phases with respect to the motor
magnetics.

For the power-out phase, energy is derived from the EMF
existing between the stator pole and incoming rotor pole in
an attraction mode. In this phase, the rotary motion (angular
momentum and kinetic energy) of the rotor and flywheel is
increased. In short, power is added to the rotor/flywheel (and
thus to the load) from the fields between stator pole and rotor
pole (the electromagnetic aspects of the system).

For the “power back in” phase, energy must be fed back
into the magnetics from the rotor and flywheel (and the load)
to overcome the drag forces existing between stator pole and
outgoing rotor pole. In this phase, energy is returned back to
the internal magnetic system from the rotary motion of the
rotor and flywheel (the angular momentum, which is the
rotational energyxtime). As is well known in physics, a
rotor/flywheel’s angular momentum provides a convenient
way to store energy with the spinning rotor/flywheel mass
acting as an energy reservoir.

Most present day conventional magnetic motors use vari-
ous methods for overcoming and partially reversing back
EMF. Back EMF may be defined as the return pulse from the
coil out of phase and is the result of regauging, which is the
process of reversing the magnetics polarity, that is, form
North to South, etc. The back EMF is shorted out and the
rotor is attracted back in, therefore eliminating drag. This
can be accomplished by pouring in more energy, which
overpowers the back EMF, thereby producing a forward
EMF in that region. The energy required for this method is
furnished by the operator.

It is well known in the art that changing the voltage alone
creates a back EMF and requires no work. This is because
to change the potential energy does not require changing the
form of that potential energy, but only its magnitude. Work
is the changing of the form of energy. Therefore, as long as
the form of the potential energy is not changed, the magni-
tude can be changed without having to perform work in the
process. The motor of the present invention takes advantage
of this permissible operation to create back EMF
asymmetrically, and thereby change its own usable available
potential energy.

In an electric power system, the potential (voltage) is
changed by inputting energy to do work on the internal
charges of the generator or battery. This potential energy is
expended within the generator (or battery) to force the
internal charges apart, forming a source dipole. Then the
external closed circuit system connected to that source
dipole ineptly pumps the spent electrons in the ground line
back through the back EMF of the source dipole, thereby
scattering the charges and killing the dipole. This shuts off
the energy flow from the source dipole to the external circuit.
As a consequence of this conventional method, it is a
requirement to input and replace additional energy to again
restore the dipole. The circuits currently utilized in most
electrical generators have been designed to keep on destroy-
ing the energy flow by continually scattering all of the dipole
charges and terminating the dipole. Therefore, it is necessary
to keep on inputting energy to the generator to keep restoring
its source dipole.

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US 6,545,444 B2

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A search of prior art failed to reveal any monopole motor
devices and methods that recycle available energy from back
EMF to charge a battery or provide electrical energy for
other uses as described in the present invention. However,
the following prior art patents were reviewed:

USS. Pat. No. 4,055,789 to Lasater, Battery Operated
Motor with Back EMF Charging.

US. Pat. No. 2,279,690 to Z. T. Lindsey, Combination
Motor Generator.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An aspect of the device and method of the present
invention is a new monopole electromagnetic motor that
captures back EMF energy. The captured back EMF energy
maybe used to charge or store electrical energy in a recovery
battery. The amount of energy recoverable, as expressed in
watts, is dependent upon the configuration, circuitry, switch-
ing elements and the number and size of stators, rotors,
magnets and coils that comprise the motor.

The motor uses a small amount of energy from a primary
battery to “trigger” a larger input of available energy by
supplying back EMF, thus increasing the potential energy of
the system. The system then utilizes this available potential
energy to reduce or reverse the back EMF, thereby increas-
ing, the efficiency of the motor and, therefore, the COP.

If the energy in phase 1 (the power-out phase) is increased
by additional available energy in the electromagnetics
themselves, then the energy in phase 1 can be made greater
than the energy in phase 2 (the power-back-in phase) with-
out the operator furnishing the energy utilized. This pro-
duces a non-conservative net field. Net power can then be
taken from the rotating stator and flywheel, because the
available energy added into the stator and flywheel by the
additional effects is transformed by the rotor/flywheel into
excess angular momentum and stored as such. Angular
momentum is conserved at all times; but now some of the
angular momentum added to the flywheel is evoked by
additional effects in the electromagnetics rather than being,
furnished by the operator.

That is, the motor deliberately creates a back EMF itself
and its potential energy once at a time, thereby retaining
each extra force for a period of time and applying it to
increase the angular momentum and kinetic energy of the
rotor and flywheel. Specifically, this back EMF energy with
its net force is deliberately applied in the motor of the
present invention to overcome and even reverse the conven-
tional drag-back (the back EMF). Hence less energy must be
taken from the rotor and flywheel to overcome the reduced
back EMF, and in the ideal case none is required since the
back EMF has been overpowered and converted to forward
EMF by the back EMF energy and force. In the motor, the
conventional drag section of the magnetics becomes a
forward-EMF section and now adds energy to the rotor/
flywheel instead of subtracting it. The important feature is
that the operator only pays for the small amount of energy
necessary to trigger the back EMF from the primary battery,
and does not have to furnish the much larger back EMF
energy itself.

When the desired energy in phase 1 (the power out phase)
is thus made greater than the undesired drag energy in phase
2, then part of the output power normally dragged from the
rotor and flywheel by the fields in phase 2 is not required.
Hence, additional power compared to the system (without
the special back EMF mechanisms) is available from the
rotor/flywheel. The rotor maintains additional angular
momentum and kinetic energy, compared to a system, which

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does not produce back EMF itself. Consequently, the excess
angular momentum retained by the rotor and flywheel can be
utilized as additional shaft power to power an external load
connected to the shaft.

In the motor, several known processes and methods are
utilized which allow the motor to operate periodically as an
open dissipative system (receiving available excess energy
from back EMF) far from thermodynamic equilibrium,
whereby. it produces and receives its excess energy from a
known external source.

Amethod is utilized to temporarily produce a much larger
source of available external energy around an energized coil.
Design features of this new motor provide a device and
method that can immediately produce a second increase in
that energy concurrently as the energy flow is reversed.
Therefore, the motor is capable of producing two asym-
metrical back EMFs, one after the other, of the energy within
a single coil, which dramatically increases the energy avail-
able and causes that available excess energy to then enter the
circuit impulsively, being collected and utilized.

The motor utilizes this available excess back EMF energy
to overcome and even reverse the drag EMF between stator
pole and rotor pole, while furnishing only a small trigger
pulse of energy from a primary battery necessary to control
and activate the direction of the back EMF energy flow.

By using a number of such dual asymmetrical self back
EMFs for every revolution of the rotor, the rotor and
flywheel collectively focus all the excess impulsive inputs
into increased angular momentum (expressed as energyx
time), shaft torque, and shaft power.

Further, some of the excess energy deliberately generated
in the coil by the utilization of the dual process manifests in
the form of excess electrical energy in the circuit and can be
utilized to charge a recovery battery(s). The excess energy
can also be used to power electrical loads or to power the
rotor and flywheel, with the rotor/flywheel also furnishing
shaft horsepower for powering mechanical loads.

The motor utilizes a means to furnish the relatively small
amount of energy from a primary battery to initiate the
impulsive asymmetrical self back EMF actions. Then part of
the available excess electrical power drawn off from back
EMF created energy is utilized to charge a recovery battery
with dramatically increased over-voltage pulses.

Design features of this monopole motor utilize one mag-
netic pole of each rotor and stator magnet. The number of
impulsive self-back EMF in a single rotation of the rotor is
doubled. Advanced designs can increase the number of
self-back EMFs in a single rotor rotation with the result that
there is an increase in the number of impulses per rotation,
which increase the power output of this new motor.

The sharp voltage spike produced in the coil of this
monopole motor by the rapidly collapsing field in the back
EMF coil is connected to a recovery battery(s) in charge
mode and to an external electrical load. The net result is that
the coil asymmetrically creates back EMF itself in a manner
adding available energy and impulse to the circuit. The
available energy collected in the coil is used to reverse the
back-EMF phase of the stator-rotor fields to a forward EMF
condition, impulsively adding acceleration and angular
momentum to the rotor and flywheel. The available back
EMF energy collected in the coil is used to charge a battery.
Loads can then be drawn off the battery.

A device and method in which the monopole motor alters
the reaction cross section of the coils in the circuit, which
momentarily changes the reaction cross section of the coil in
which it is invoked. Thus, by this new motor using only a

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US 6,545,444 B2

5

small amount of current in the form of a triggering pulse, it
is able to evoke and control the immediate change of the
coil’s reaction cross section to this normally wasted energy-
flow component. As a result, the motor captures and directs
some of this usually wasted available environmental energy,
collecting the available excess energy in the coil and then
releasing it for use in the motor. By timing and switching,
the innovative gate design in this new motor directs the
available excess energy so that it overcomes and reverses the
return EMF of the rotor-stator pole combination during what
would normally be the back EMF and demonstrates the
creation of the second back EMF of the system. Now instead
of an “equal retardation” force being produced in the back
EMF region, a forward EMF is produced that is additive to
the rotor/flywheel energy and not subtractive. In short, it
further accelerates the rotor/flywheel.

This results in a non-conservative magnetic field along the
rotor’s path. The line integral of the field around that path
(i.e., the net work on the rotor/flywheel to increase its energy
and angular momentum) is not zero but a significant amount.
Hence, the creation of an asymmetrical back EMF impulse
magnetic motor: 1) takes its available excess energy from a
known external source, the huge usually non-intercepted
portion of the energy flow around the coil; 2) further
increases the source dipolarity by this back EMF energy; and
3) produces available excess energy flow directly from the
source dipole’s increased broken symmetry in its fierce
energy exchange with the local vacuum.

By operating as an open dissipative system not in ther-
modynamic equilibrium with the active vacuum, the system
can permissibly receive available energy from a known
environmental source and then output this energy to a load.
As an open dissipative system not in thermodynamic
equilibrium, this new and unique monopole motor can tap in
on back EMF to energize itself, loads and losses
simultaneously, fully complying with known laws of physics
and thermodynamics.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

FIG. 1 is a perspective side view of a monopole back EMF
motor with a single stator and a single rotor.

FIG. 2 is a perspective top view of a monopole back EMF
motor with a single stator and a single rotor.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram demonstrating the circuitry for
a monopole back EMF motor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
INVENTION

An embodiment of the present invention is a device and
method for a monopole back EMF electromagnetic motor.
As described in the Summary of the Invention, this mono-
pole motor conforms to all applicable electrodynamic laws
of physics and is in harmony with the law of the conserva-
tion of energy, the laws of electromagnetism and other
related natural laws of physics.

The monopole back EMF electromagnetic motor com-
prises a combination of elements and circuitry to capture
available energy (back EMF) in a recovery element, such as
a capacitor, from output coils. The available stored energy in
the recovery element is used to charge a recovery battery.

As a starting point and an arbitrary method in describing
this device, the flow of electrical energy and mechanical
forces will be tracked from the energy’s inception at the
primary battery to its final storage in the recovery battery.

FIG. 1 is a perspective side view of the monopole motor
according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in

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FIG. 1, electrical energy from primary battery 11 periodi-
cally flows through power switch 12 and on to and through
power-coil wiring 13a. In one embodiment, power switch 12
is merely an On-Off mechanical switch and is not electronic.
However, the switch 12 may be a solid-state switching
circuit, a magnetic Reed switch, a commutator, an optical
switch, a Hall switch, or any other conventional transistor-
ized or mechanical switch. Coil 13 is comprised of three
windings: power-coil winding 13a, trigger-coil winding 13d,
and recovery-coil winding 13c. However, the number of
windings can be more or fewer than three, depending upon
the size of the coil 13, size of the motor and the amount of
available energy to be captured, stored and used, as mea-
sured in watts. Electrical energy then periodically flows
from power-coil winding 13a and through transistor 14.
Trigger energy also periodically flows through variable
potentiometer 15 and resistor 16. Clamping diode 17 clamps
the reverse base-emitter voltage of transistor switch 14 at a
safe reverse-bias level that does not damage the transistor
14. Energy flows to stator 18a and pole piece 18b, an
extension of stator 18a. Pole piece 18b is electrically mag-
netized only when transistor switch 14 is on and maintains
the same polarity as the rotor poles 19—here North pole—
when electrically magnetized. The North rotor poles 19a,
19b and 19c, which are attached to rotor 20, come in
momentary apposition with pole piece 18b creating a
momentary monopole interface. The poles 19a,b,c, which
are actually permanent magnets with their North poles
facing outward from the rotor 20, maintain the same polarity
when in momentary apposition with pole piece 186. Rotor
20 is attached to rotor shaft 21, which has drive pulley 22.
Attached to rotor shaft 21 are rotor-shaft bearing blocks 31a
and 318, as seen in FIG. 2. As rotor 20 begins to rotate, the
poles 19a,b,c respectively comes in apposition with mag-
netized pole piece 18b in a momentary monopole interface
with energy flowing through diode bridge rectifier 23 and
capacitor 24. The number of capacitors may be of a wide
range, depending upon the amount of energy to be tempo-
rarily stored before being expelled or flash charged into
recovery battery 29. Timing belt 25 connects drive pulley 22
on timing shaft 21 to timing wheel 26. Attached to timing
wheel 26 is contact rotor 27, a copper insulated switch that
upon rotation, comes in contact with brushes on mechanical
switch 28. The means for counting the number of rotor
revolutions may be a timing gear or a timing belt. Finally,
the available energy derived from the back EMF that is
stored in capacitor 24 is then discharged and stored in
recovery battery 29.

FIG. 2 is a mechanical perspective top view of the
monopole motor of the instant invention without electrical
circuitry. Stator 18a consists of coil 13, which is comprised
of three separate coil windings: power-coil winding 13a,
trigger-coil winding 13b and recovery-coil winding 13c.
Pole piece 18b is at the end of stator 18a. As rotor 20, which
is attached to rotor shaft 21, rotates, each pole 19 respec-
tively comes in a momentary monopole interface with pole
piece 18b. The polarity of pole piece 18b is constant when
electrically magnetized. Rotor shaft 21 has rotor shaft bear-
ing blocks 31a,b attached to it for stabilization of rotor shaft
21. Attached to rotor shaft 21 is drive pulley 22 with timing,
belt 25 engaged onto it. Another means for timing may be a
timing gear. Timing belt 25 engages timing wheel 26 at its
other end. Timing wheel 26 is attached to timing shaft 30.
Shaft 30 is stabilized with timing shaft bearing blocks 32a,b.
At one end of timing shaft 30 is contact rotor 27 with brush
28a, which, upon rotation of timing shaft 26, comes into
momentary contact with brushes 28b,c.

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US 6,545,444 B2

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FIG. 3 is a block diagram detailing the circuitry of the
monopole motor. Block 40 represents primary battery 11
with energy flowing to coil block 41, which represents coil
windings 13a,b,c. From coil block 41 energy flows into three
directions: to trigger-circuit block 42, transistor-circuit
block 43, and rectifier-circuit block 44. Energy flows from
rectifier-block 44 to storage-capacitor block 45 with energy
flowing from block 45 to both recovery-battery block 46 and
rotor-switch block 47.

Referring to FIG. 1, the operation of the motor is
described according to an embodiment of the invention. For
purpose of explanation, assume that the rotor 20 is initially
not moving, and one of the poles 19 is in the three o’clock
position.

First, one closes the switch 12. But because the transistor
14 is off, no current flows through the winding 13a.

Next, one starts the motor by rotating the rotor 20, for
example in a clockwise rotation. One may rotate the rotor by
hand, or with a conventional motor-starting device or circuit
(not shown).

As the rotor 20 rotates, the pole 19 rotates from the three
o’clock position toward the pole piece 18) and generates a
magnetic flux in the windings 13¢—13c. More specifically,
the stator 18a and the pole piece 18b include a ferromagnetic
material such as iron. Therefore, as the pole 19 rotates nearer
to the pole piece 18h, it magnetizes the pole piece 18b to a
polarity—here South—that is opposite to the polarity of the
pole 19—here North. This magnetization of the pole piece
185 generates a magnetic flux in the windings 13a—13c.
Furthermore, this magnetization also causes a magnetic
attraction between the pole 19 and the pole piece 18. This
attraction pulls the pole 19 toward the pole piece 18b, and
thus reinforces the rotation of the rotor 20.

The magnetic flux in the windings 13a-13c generates
respective voltages across the windings. More specifically,
as the pole 19 rotates toward the pole piece 18b, the
magnetization of the stator 18a and the pole piece 185, and
thus the flux in the windings 13a—-13c, increase. This
increasing flux generates respective voltages across the
windings 13a—13c such that the dotted (top) end of each
winding is more positive than the opposite end. These
voltages are proportional to the rate at which the flux is
increasing, and thus are proportional to the velocity of the
pole 19.

At some point, the voltage across the winding 135
becomes high enough to turn on the transistor 14c. This
turn-on, i.e., trigger, voltage depends on the combined serial
resistance of the potentiometer 15 and the resistor 16. The
higher this combined resistance, the higher the trigger
voltage, and vice-versa. Therefore, one can set the level of
the trigger voltage by adjusting the potentiometer 15.

In addition, depending on the level of voltage across the
capacitor 24, the voltage across the winding 13c may be high
enough to cause an energy recovery current to flow through
the winding 13c, the rectifier 23, and the capacitor 24. Thus,
when the recovery current flows, the winding 13c is con-
verting magnetic energy from the rotating pole 19 into
electrical energy, which is stored in the capacitor 24.

Once turned on, the transistor 14 generates an opposing
magnetic flux in the windings 13¢—13c. More specifically,
the transistor 14 draws a current from the battery 11, through
the switch 12 and the winding 13b. This current increases
and generates an increasing magnetic flux that opposes the
flux generated by the rotating pole 19.

When the opposing magnetic flux exceeds the flux gen-
erated by the rotating pole 19, the opposing flux reinforces

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the rotation of the rotor 20. Specifically, when the opposing
flux—which is generated by the increasing current through
the winding 13a—exceeds the flux generated by the pole 19,
the magnetization of the pole piece 18 inverts to North pole.
Therefore, the reverse-magnetic pole piece 18 repels the
pole 19, and thus imparts a rotating force to the rotor 20. The
pole piece 18 rotates the rotor 20 with maximum efficiency
if the pole-piece magnetization inverts to North when the
center of the pole 19 is aligned with the center of the pole
piece. One typically adjusts the potentiometer 15 to set the
trigger voltage of the transistor 14 at a level that attains or
approximates this maximum efficiency.

The transistor 14 then turns off before the opposing flux
can work against the rotation of the rotor 20. Specifically, if
the pole piece 18 remains magnetized to North pole, it will
repel the next pole 19 in a direction—counterclockwise in
this example—opposite to the rotational direction of the
rotor 20. Therefore, the motor turns the transistor 14, and
thus demagnetizes the pole piece 18, before this undesirable
repulsion occurs. More specifically, when the opposing flux
exceeds the flux generated by the pole 19, the voltage across.
the winding 13 reverses polarity such that the dotted end is.
less positive than the opposite end. The voltage across the
winding 135 decreases as the opposing flux increases. At
some point, the voltage at the base of the transistor decreases
to a level that turns off the transistor 14. This turn-off point
depends on the combined resistance of the potentiometer 15
and resistor 16 and the capacitance (not shown) at the
transistor base. Therefore, one can adjust the potentiometer
15 or use other conventional techniques to adjust the timing,
of this turn-off point.

The rectifier 23 and capacitor 24 recapture the energy that
is released by the magnetic field—and that would otherwise
be lost—when the transistor 14 turns off. Specifically, turn-
ing off the transistor 14 abruptly cuts off the current that
flows through the winding 13a. This generates voltage
spikes across the windings 13a—13c where the dotted ends
are less positive than the respective opposite ends. These
voltage spikes represent the energy released as the current-
induced magnetization of the stator 18a and the pole piece
18b collapses, and may have a magnitude of several hundred
volts. But as the voltage spike across the winding 13c
increases above the sum of the two diode drops of the
rectifier 23, it causes an energy-recovery current to flow
through the rectifier 23 and the voltage across the capacitor
24 charge the capacitor 24. Thus, a significant portion of the
energy released upon collapse of the current-induced mag-
netic field is recaptured and stored as a voltage in the
capacitor 24. In addition, the diode 17 prevents damage to
the transistor 14 by clamping the reverse base-emitter volt-
age caused by the voltage spike across the winding 13b.

The recaptured energy can be used in a number of ways.
For example, the energy can be used to charge a battery 29.
In one embodiment, the timing wheel 26 makes two revo-
lutions for each revolution of the rotor 20. The contact rotor
27 closes a switch 28, and thus dumps the charge on the
capacitor 24 into the battery 29, once each revolution of the
wheel 26. Other energy-recapture devices and techniques
can be used as well.

One can stop the rotor 20 by braking it or by opening the
switch 12.

Other embodiments of the monopole motor are contem-
plated. For example, instead of remaining closed for the
entire operation of the motor, the switch 12 may be a
conventional optical switch or a Hall switch that opens and
closes automatically at the appropriate times. To increase the

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US 6,545,444 B2

9

power of the motor, one can increase the number of stators
18a and pole pieces 18, the number of poles 19, or both.
Furthermore, one can magnetize the stator 18a and pole
piece 186 during the attraction of the pole 19 instead of or
in addition to magnetizing the stator and pole piece during
the repulsion of the pole 19. Moreover, the stator 18a may
be omitted such that the coil 13 has an air coil, or the stator
18a and the pole piece 185 may compose a permanent
magnet. In addition, although the transistor 14 is described
as being a bipolar transistor, it may be a MOS transistor.
Furthermore, the recaptured energy may be used to recharge
the battery 11. In addition, although described as rotating in
a clockwise direction, the rotor 20 can rotate in a counter-
clockwise direction. Moreover, although described as
attracting a rotor pole 19 when no current flows through
winding 13a and repelling the pole 19 when a current flows
through winding 13a, the pole piece 185 may be constructed
so that it attracts the pole 19 when a current flows through
winding 13a and repels the pole 19 when no current flows
through winding 13a.

In multiple stator/rotor systems, each individual stator
may be energized one at a time or all of the stators may be
energized simultaneously. Any number of stators and rotors
may be incorporated into the design of such multiple stator/
rotor monopole motor combinations. However, while there
may be several stators per rotor, there can only be one rotor
for a single stator. The number of stators and rotors that
would comprise a particular motor is dependent upon the
amount of power required in the form of watts. Any number
of magnets, used in a monopole fashion, may comprise a
single rotor. The number of magnets incorporated into a
particular rotor is dependent upon the size of the rotor and
power required of the motor. The desired size and horse
power of the motor determines whether the stators will be in
parallel or fired sequentially. Energy is made accessible
through the capturing of available energy from the back
EMF as a result of the unique circuitry and timing of the
monopole motor. Individual motors may be connected in
sequence with each motor having various combinations of
stators and rotors or in parallel. Each rotor may have any
number of rotor magnets, all arranged without change of
polarity. The number of stators for an individual motor may
also be of a wide range.

One feature that distinguishes this motor from all others
in the art is the use of monopole magnets in momentary
apposition with the pole piece of the stator maintaining the
same polarity when magnetized. In this particular
embodiment, there are three magnets and one pole piece,
said pole piece an extension of a permanent-magnet stator.
Finally, although the invention has been described with
reference of particular means, materials and embodiments, it
is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the
particulars disclosed and extends to all equivalents within
the scope of the claims.

What is claimed is:

1. Aback EMF monopole motor utilizing a rotor wherein
the magnets of said rotor maintain a polarity when in
apposition with a stator pole piece having the polarity, said
motor to capture available back EMF energy for charging,
and storage in a recovery device, the motor comprising:

a. a means for producing initial energy;

b. a means for capturing energy in the form of back EMF,
said back EMF energy available as the result of a
collapsing field in a coil, said coil comprised of mul-
tiple windings with said pole piece at one end of said
stator of said coil, said pole piece having said polarity
when magnetized and in apposition to said magnets of
said rotor;

20

30

40

60

10

c. a means for rectifying said back EMF energy, said
means comprising a voltage bridge for transferring said
energy to a capacitor for storage;

d. a means for discharging said stored voltage across a
recovery battery; and

e. a means for counting the revolutions on said rotor.

2. The back EMF monopole motor of claim 1, wherein the
means for producing the initial energy comprises a battery.

3. The back EMF monopole motor of claim 1, wherein
said means for counting the revolutions on said rotor com-
prises a timing gear.

4. The back EMF monopole motor of claim 1, wherein
said means for counting the revolutions on said rotor com-
prises a timing belt.

5. The back EMF monopole motor of claim 1, wherein
said means for discharging collected energy comprises a
rotating switching commutator, said commutator switch
discharging said energy into a recovery battery, said com-
mutator switch having the same polarity as said recovery
battery.

6. Aback EMF monopole motor utilizing a rotor wherein
the magnets of said rotor maintain a polarity when in
apposition with a magnetized stator pole piece having the
polarity, said motor to capture available back EMF energy
for charging and storage in a recovery device, the motor
comprising:

a. a means for producing initial energy, said means a
primary input battery and a means for switching the
battery, said means for switching either a solid-state
switching circuitry, a magnetic Reed switch, a
commutator, an optical switch, or a Hall switch;

b. a means for capturing energy in the form of back EMF,
said back EMF energy available as the result of a
collapsing field in a coil, said coil comprised of mul-
tiple windings, and said pole piece at one end of said
stator of said coil, said pole piece maintaining said
polarity when magnetized and in apposition to said
magnets of said rotor;

c. a means for rectifying said back EMF energy, said
means comprising a voltage bridge for transferring said
energy to a capacitor for storage;

d. a means for discharging said stored voltage across a
recovery battery, said means a rotating contact rotor
switch;

e. a means for counting the revolutions on said rotor, said
means a timing gear or timing belt;

f. a means for switching said rotating contact rotor switch,
said means comprising a rotating switching commuta-
tor.

7. Aback EMF monopole motor utilizing a rotor wherein
the magnets of said rotor maintain a polarity when in
apposition with a stator pole piece magnetized to have the
polarity, said motor to capture available back EMF energy

5 for charging and storage in a recovery device such as a

battery, the motor comprising:

a. an initial energy input produced by a device such as a
battery;

b. said back EMF energy captured and available as the
result of a collapsing field in a coil, said coil comprised
of multiple windings with said pole piece having the
polarity when magnetized and in apposition to said
magnets of said rotor;

c. said back EMF energy transferred by said rotor con-
taining said magnets, which maintain the polarity and
in momentary apposition with said magnetized stator
pole piece having said polarity;

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US 6,545,444 B2

i

d. said back EMF energy rectified using a voltage bridge
transferring said energy to a capacitor for storage;
said voltage discharged across a recovery device such
as a battery for storage by means of a rotating contact
rotor switch;

f£. a timing belt or timing gear used to count the revolu-

tions on said rotor; and

g. a rotating switching commutator to control said rotating,

contact rotor switch.

8. A method of producing a back EMF monopole motor
utilizing a rotor wherein magnets of said rotor retain a
polarity when in apposition with a pole piece of a stator, said
motor to capture available back EMF energy for charging
and storage in a recovery battery, comprising the steps of:

a. producing initial energy;

b. switching a voltage to drive a motor;

°

12

¢. capturing said energy in the form of back EMF, said
back EMF energy available as the result of a collapsing,
field in a coil, said coil comprised of multiple windings
and said pole piece at one end of said stator of said coil,
said pole piece maintaining the polarity when magne-
tized and in apposition to said magnets of said rotor;
d. recovering said back EMF energy in a storage device.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the back EMF energy
49 is rectified by using a bridge transferring said energy to a
capacitor for storage.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein voltage is discharged
across a recovery battery using a rotating contact rotor
switch, said switch having the same polarity as said recovery

15 battery.