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Page 1

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«2) United States Patent

70B1

$006392370B

(10) Patent No.: US 6,392,370 B1

Bedini (45) Date of Patent: May 21, 2002
(54) DEVICE AND METHOD OF A BACK EMF 5,130,595 A 7/1992 Arora
PERMANENT ELECTROMAGNETIC 5,177,054 A 1/1993 Lloyd et al.
MOTOR GENERATOR 5,227,702 A 7/1993 Nahirney
5,334,894 A 8/1994 Nakagawa
. ee : 5,350,958 A 9/1994 Ohnishi
(75) Inventor: ts) C. Bedini, Coeur d’ Alene, ID 5'356.534 A 10/1994 Zimmerman et al.
List continued on next page.
(73) Assignee: Bedini Technology, Inc., Coeur ( )
d'Alene, ID (US) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
(*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this bp 0 3 ate a 11999
patent is extended or adjusted under 35 GB 2224 308 A 5/1990
US.C. 154(b) by 0 days. wo WO 99/38247 7/1999
. Primary Examiner—Bentsu Ro
21) Appl. No.: 09/483,715 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Thomas G. Walsh;
(22) Filed: Jan. 13, 2000 Graybeal Jackson Haley LLP
(51) Int. Cl.” ... HO2K 47/14 (57) ABSTRACT
(52) US. Ch. eee 318/140; 318/492; os This invention is a back EMF permanent electromagnetic
motor generator and method using a regauging process for
(58) Field of Search . 318/ 140, 148, capturing available electromagnetic energy in the system.
318/151, 153, 459, 491, 492, 538; 310/152, The device is comprised of a rotor with magnets of the same
156, 112, 113 polarity; a timing wheel in apposition to a magnetic Hall
a Effect pickup switch semiconductor; and a stator comprised
(56) References Cited of two bars connected by a permanent magnet with magne-
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS tized pole pieces at one end of each bar. There are input and
output coils created by wrapping each bar with a conducting
Soins A rr top cuamievant et al. material such as copper wire. Energy from the output coils
29074081 A Soe Veron et al is transferred to a recovery rectifier or diode. The magnets of
4227021 A 9/1980 Bunker, Ir . the rotor, which is located on a shaft along with the timing
4.265.746 A 5/1981 Zimmerman, Sr. et al. wheel, are in apposition to the magnetized pole pieces of the
4,265,754 A 5/1981 Menold two bars. The invention works through a process of
4,417,167 A 11/1983. Ishii et al. regauging, that is, the flux fields created by the coils is
4,423,343 A 12/1983 Field, II collapsed because of a reversal of the magnetic field in the
4,429,263 A 1/1984 Miiller magnetized pole pieces thus allowing the capture of avail-
4,433,260 A 2/1984 Weisbord et al. able back EMP energy. Additional available energy may be
rasso7 A 12h ee DeCesare captured and used to re-energize the battery, and/or sent in
een n si98 5 pins tal another direction to be used as work. As an alternative, the
4761500 A 8/1988 Kaman . available back EMF energy may be dissipated into the
4,916,346 A 4/1990 Kliman system.
4,972,112 A 11/1990 Kim
4,980,595 A 12/1990 Arora 10 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets

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Page 2

US 6,392,370 B1

Page 2
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 5,528,113 A * 6/1996 Boys etal. ... 318/16
5,532,532 A 7/1996 DeVault et al.
aoe S [too Nasal ata 5,731,645 A * 3/1998 Clifton et al. cecccssssees 310/74
ae agate et al. 6,118,202 A * 9/2000 Pinkerton ...eeccceeeeceeee 310/178

5,451,825 A 9/1995 Strohm
5,508,575 A 4/1996 Elrod, Jr. .
§,514,923 A 5/1996 Gossler et al. * cited by examiner

Page 3

U.S. Patent May 21, 2002 Sheet 1 of 3 US 6,392,370 B1

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U.S. Patent May 21, 2002 Sheet 3 of 3
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US 6,392,370 B1

1

DEVICE AND METHOD OF A BACK EMF
PERMANENT ELECTROMAGNETIC
MOTOR GENERATOR

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates generally to the capturing of elec-
tromagnetic energy using a method and device to create back
EMF (electromagnetic force) and re-phasing of the back
EMF to recycle and capture the available back EMF energy.
Back EMF is also referred to as regauging and may be
defined as energy created by the magnetic field from coils,
and only by coils, and not by magnets.

2. Background Information and Related Art

Operation of a normal magnetic motor has the rotor pole
attracting the stator pole, resulting in the generation of
power from the magnets to the rotor and flywheel. During
this phase, energy flows from the magnetics to the rotor/
flywheel and is stored in the increased rotation. A rotor pole
leaving a stator pole and creating a condition of drag-back
results in power having to be put back into the magnetic
section by the rotor and flywheel to forcibly overcome the
drag-back. In a perfect, friction-free motor, the net force
field is therefore referred to as most conservative. In other
words, a most conservative EMF motor has maximum
efficiency. Without extra energy continually fed to the motor,
no net work can be done by the magnetic field, since half the
time the magnetic field adds energy to the load (the rotor and
flywheel) and the other half of the time it subtracts energy
back from the load (the rotor and flywheel). Therefore the
total net energy output is zero in any such rotary process
without additional energy input. To use a present day mag-
netic motor, continuous energy must be input into the motor
to overcome drag-back and to power the motor and its load

Present EMF motors and generators all use such conser-
vative fields and therefore, have internal losses. Hence, it is
necessary to continually input all of the energy that the
motor outputs to the load, plus more energy to cover losses
inside the motor itself. EMF motors are rated for efficiency
and performance by how much energy input into the motor
actually results in output energy to the load. Normally, the
Coefficient of Performance (COP) rating is used as a mea-
sure of efficiency. The COP is the actual output energy going,
into the load and powering it, divided by the energy that
must be input into the device with its load. COP is the power
out into the load, divided by the power input into the
motor/load combination. If there were zero internal losses in
a motor, that “perfect” motor would have a coefficient of
performance (COP) equal to 1.0. That is, all energy input
into the motor would be output by the motor directly into the
load, and none of the input energy would be lost or dissi-
pated in the motor itself.

In magnetic motor generators presently in use, however,
due to friction and design flaws, there are always internal
losses and inefficiencies. Some of the energy input into the
motor is dissipated in these internal losses. As a
consequence, the energy that gets to the load is always less
than the input energy. So a standard motor operates with a
COP of less than 1.0 which is expressed as COP<1.0. An
inefficient motor may have a COP=0.4 or 0.45, while a
specially designed, highly efficient motor may have a COP=
0.85.

The conservative field inside of a motor itself can be
divided into two phases. Producing a conservative field
involves net symmetry between the “power out” phase from
the magnetics to the rotor/flywheel and the “power back in”

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phase from the rotor/flywheel back to the magnetics. That is,
the two flows of energy (one from the magnetics into the
rotor and flywheel, and one from the rotor and flywheel back
to the magnetics) are identical in magnitude but opposite in
direction. Each phase alone is said to be “asymmetrical”;
that is, it either has: 1) a net energy flow out to the
rotor/flywheel, or 2) a net energy flow back into the mag-
netics from the rotor/flywheel. In simplified terms, it is
referred to as “power out” and “power back in” phases with
respect to the motor magnetics. Hence, the two asymmetri-
cal phases are: 1) the power-out phase; and 2) the “power
back in” phase, with reference to the magnetics.

For the power-out phase, energy is derived from the EMF
existing between the stator pole and incoming rotor pole in
an attraction mode. In this phase, the rotary motion (angular
momentum and kinetic energy) of the rotor and flywheel is
increased. In short, power is added to the rotor/flywheel (and
thus to the load) from the fields between stator pole and rotor
pole (the electromagnetic aspects of the system).

For the “power back in” phase, energy must be fed back
into the magnetics from the rotor and flywheel (and the load)
to overcome the drag-back forces existing between stator
pole and outgoing rotor pole. In this phase, energy is
returned back to the internal magnetic system from the
rotary motion of the rotor and flywheel (the angular
momentum, which is the rotational energyxtime). As is well
known in physics, a rotor/flywheel’s angular momentum
provides a convenient way to store energy with the spinning,
rotor/flywheel mass acting as an energy reservoir.

All present day conventional magnetic motors use various
methods for overcoming and partially reversing back EMF.
Back EMF is the return pulse from the coil out of phase and
is also referred to as regauging. The back EMF is shorted out
and the rotor is attracted back in, therefore eliminating back
drag. This can be accomplished by pouring in more energy,
which overpowers the back EMF, thereby producing a
forward EMP in that region. The energy required for this
method must be furnished by the operator.

The motor of the present invention uses only a small
amount of energy to “trigger” a much larger input of
available energy by supplying back EMF, thus increasing the
potential energy of the system. It then utilizes this excess
potential energy to reduce or reverse back EMF, thereby
increasing the efficiency of the motor and, therefore, the
CoP.

If the energy in phase 1 (the power-out phase) is increased
by additional available energy in the electromagnetics
themselves, then the energy in phase 1 can be made greater
than the energy in phase 2 (the power-back-in phase) with-
out the operator furnishing the energy utilized. This pro-
duces a non-conservative net field. Net power can then be
taken from the rotating stator and flywheel, because the
available energy added into the stator and flywheel by the
additional effects, is transformed by the rotor/flywheel into
excess angular momentum and stored as such. Angular
momentum is conserved at all times; but now some of the
angular momentum added to the flywheel is evoked by
additional effects in the electromagnetics rather than being
furnished by the operator.

Electrodynamicists assume that the potential available
energy of any system can be changed at will and without
cost. This is back EMF and is well-known in physics. It is
also routinely employed by electrodynamicists in the theo-
retical aspects. But to simplify the mathematics, electrody-
namicists will create a back EMF twice simultaneously, each
back EMF carefully selected just so that the two available

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US 6,392,370 B1

3

forces that are produced are equal and opposite and cancel
each other “symmetrically”. This is referred to as “sym-
metrical back EMF”. A symmetrical back EMF system
cannot produce a COP>1.0.

On the other hand, the motor of the present invention
deliberately creates a back EMF itself and its potential
energy only once ata time, thereby retaining each extra force
for a period of time and applying it to increase the angular
momentum and kinetic energy of the rotor and flywheel.
Specifically, this back EMF energy with its net force is
deliberately applied in the motor of the present invention to
overcome and even reverse the conventional drag-back (the
back EMF). Hence less energy must be taken from the rotor
and flywheel to overcome the reduced back EMF, and in the
ideal case none is required since the back EMF has been
overpowered and converted to forward EMF by the back
EMF energy and force. In the motor of the present invention,
the conventional back-drag section of the magnetics
becomes a forward-EMF section and now adds energy to the
rotor/flywheel instead of subtracting it. The important fea-
ture is that the operator only pays for the small amount of
energy necessary to trigger the back EMF, and does not have
to furnish the much larger back EMF energy itself.

When the desired energy in phase 1 (the power out phase)
is thus made greater than the undesired “drag-back” energy
in phase 2, then part of the output power normally dragged
back from the rotor and flywheel by the fields in phase 2 is
not required. Hence, additional power compared to the
system (without the special back EMF mechanisms) is
available from the rotor/flywheel. The rotor maintains addi-
tional angular momentum and kinetic energy, compared to a
system which does not produce back EMF itself.
Consequently, the excess angular momentum retained by the
rotor and flywheel can be utilized as additional shaft power
to power an external load connected to the shaft.

A standard magnetic motor operates as the result of the
motor being furnished with external energy input into the
system by the operator to reduce phase 2 (power back into
the magnetics from the rotor/flywheel) by any of several
methods and mechanisms. The primary purpose of this
external energy input into the system is to overcome the
back EMF and also provide for the inevitable energy losses
in the system. There is no input of energy separate from the
operator input. Therefore, the COP of any standard magnetic
motor is COP less than 1.0. The efficiency of a standard
magnetic motor varies from less than 50% to a maximum of
about 85%, and so has a COP<1.0. When nothing is done in
the motor that will produce a reduction of the back EMF
without the operator inputing all the energy for it, then for
even a frictionless, ideal permanent magnet motor, the COP
can never exceed 1.0.

Until the introduction of the motor of the present
invention, it has been standard universal practice that the
operator must furnish all energy used to reduce the back
EMF, provide for the internal losses, and power the load. It
is therefore a common belief by the scientific community
that an ideal (loss-less) permanent magnet motor cannot
exceed COP=1.0. And that is true, so long as the operator
himself must furnish all the energy. Further, since real
permanent magnetic motors have real internal losses, some
of the input energy is always lost in the motor itself, and that
lost energy is not available for powering the rotor/flywheel
and load. Hence a real permanent magnetic motor of the
conventional kind will always have a COP<1.0.

The common assumption that the COP of a motor is
limited to less than 1.0 is not necessarily true, and that

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COP>1.0 is permitted without violating the laws of nature,
laws of physics, or laws of thermodynamics. However, it can
immediately be seen that any permanent magnet motor
exhibiting a COP>1.0 must have some available energy
input returning in the form of back EMF.

A problem relates to how back EMF energy can be
obtained from a circuit’s external environment for the spe-
cific task of reducing the back-drag EMF without the
operator having to supply any input of that excess energy. In
short, the ultimate challenge is to find a way to cause the
system to: 1) become an open dissipative system, that is, a
system receiving available excess energy from its
environment, in other words, from an external source; and 2)
use that available excess energy to reduce the drag-back
EMF between stator and rotor poles as the rotor pole is
leaving the stator pole. If this objective can be
accomplished, the system will be removed from thermody-
namic equilibrium. Instead, it will be converted to a system
out-of-thermodynamic equilibrium. Such a system is not
required to obey classical equilibrium thermodynamics.

Instead, an out-of-equilibrium thermodynamic system
must obey the thermodynamics of open systems far from the
established and well-known parameters of thermodynamic
equilibrium. As is well known in the physics of
thermodynamics, such open systems can permissibly: 1)
self-order; 2) self-oscillate; 3) output more back EMF
energy than energy input by the operator (the available
excess back EMF energy is received from an external source
and some energy is input by the operator as well); 4) power
itself as well as its loads and losses simultaneously (in that
case, all the energy is received from the available external
source and there is no input energy from the operator); and
5) exhibit negentropy, that is, produce an increase of energy
that is available in the system, and that is independent of the
energy put into the system by the operator. As a definition,
entropy roughly corresponds to the energy of a system that
has become unavailable for use. Negentropy corresponds to
additional energy of a system that has become available for
use.

In the back EMF permanent magnet electromagnetic
motor generator of the present invention, several known
processes and methods are utilized which allow the inven-
tion to operate periodically as an open dissipative system
(receiving available excess energy from back EMF) far from
thermodynamic equilibrium, whereby it produces and
receives its excess energy from a known external source.

A method is utilized to temporarily produce a much larger
source of available external energy around an energized coil.
Then the unique design features of this new motor provides
a method and mechanism that can immediately produce a
second increase in that energy, concurrently as the energy
flow is reversed. Therefore, the motor is capable of produc-
ing two asymmetrical back EMFs, one after the other, of the
energy within a single coil, which dramatically increases the
energy available and causes that available excess energy to
then enter the circuit impulsively, being collected and uti-
lized.

The present motor utilizes this available excess back EMF
energy to overcome and even reverse the back-drag EMF
between stator pole and rotor pole, while furnishing only a
small trigger pulse of energy necessary to control and
activate the direction of the back EMF energy flow.

By using a number of such dual asymmetrical self back
EMFs for every revolution of the rotor, the rotor and
flywheel collectively focus all the excess impulsive inputs
into increased angular momentum (expressed as energyx
time), shaft torque, and shaft power.

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US 6,392,370 B1

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Further, some of the excess energy deliberately generated
in the coil by the utilization of the dual process manifests in
the form of excess electrical energy in the circuit and is
utilized to power electrical loads, ¢.g., a lamp, fan, motor, or
other electrical devices. The remainder of the excess energy
generated in the coil can be used to power the rotor and
flywheel, with the rotor/flywheel also furnishing shaft horse-
power for powering mechanical loads.

This new and unique motor utilizes a means to furnish the
relatively small amount of energy to initiate the impulsive
asymmetrical self back EMF actions. Then part of the
available excess electrical power drawn off from the back
EMFs is utilized to recharge the battery with dramatically
increased over voltage pulses.

The unique design features of this motor utilize both north
and south magnetic poles of each rotor and stator magnet.
Therefore, the number of impulsive self back EMFs in a
single rotation of the rotor is doubled. Advanced designs
increase the number of self back EMFs in a single rotor
rotation with the result that there is an increase in the number
of impulses per rotation which increase the power output of
this new motor.

The sharp voltage pulse produced in the coil of this new
motor by the rapidly collapsing field in the back EMF coil
is connected to a battery in charge mode and to an external
electrical load. The net result is that the coil asymmetrically
creates back EMF itself in a manner adding available energy
and impulse to the circuit. The excess available energy
collected in the coil is used to reverse the back-EMF phase
of the stator-rotor fields to a forward EMF condition, impul-
sively adding acceleration and angular momentum to the
rotor and flywheel. At the same time, a part of the excess
energy collected in the coil is used to power electrical loads
such as charging a battery and operating a lamp or such other
device.

It is well known in the art that changing the voltage alone
creates a back EMF and requires no work. This is because
to change the potential energy does not require changing the
form of that potential energy, but only its magnitude. Work
is rigorously the changing of the form of energy. Therefore,
as long as the form of the potential energy is not changed,
the magnitude can be changed without having to perform
work in the process. The motor of the present invention takes
advantage of this permissible operation to create back EMF
asymmetrically, and thereby change its own usable available
potential energy.

In an electric power system, the potential (voltage) is
changed by inputing energy to do work on the internal
charges of the generator or battery. This potential energy is
expended within the generator (or battery) to force the
internal charges apart, forming a source dipole. Then the
external closed circuit system connected to that source
dipole ineptly pumps the spent electrons in the ground line
back through the back EMP of the source dipole, thereby
scattering the charges and killing the dipole. This shuts off
the energy flow from the source dipole to the external circuit.
As a consequence of that conventional method, it is a
requirement to input and replace additional energy to again
restore the dipole. The circuits currently utilized in most
electrical generators have been designed to keep on destroy-
ing the energy flow by continually scattering all of the dipole
charges and terminating the dipole. Therefore, it is necessary
to keep on inputing energy to the generator to keep restoring,
its source dipole.

An investigation of particle physics is required to see
what furnishes the energy to the external circuit. Since

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neither a battery nor a generator furnishes energy to the
external circuit, but only furnishes energy to form the source
dipole, a better understanding of the electric power principle
is required to fully understand how this new motor func-
tions. A typical battery uses its stored chemical energy to
form the source dipole. A generator utilizes its input shaft
energy to rotate, forming an internal magnetic field in which
the positive charges are forced to move in one direction and
the negative charges in the reverse direction, thereby form-
ing the source dipole. In other words, the energy input into
the generator does nothing except form the source dipole.
None of the input energy goes to the external circuit. If
increased current is drawn into the external load, there also
is increased spent electron flow being rammed back through
the source dipole, destroying it faster. Therefore, dipole-
restoring-energy has to be inputed faster. The chemical
energy of the battery also is expended only to separate its
internal charges and form its source dipole. Again, if
increased current and power is drawn into the external load,
there is increased spent electron flow being rammed back
through the source dipole, destroying it faster. This results in
a depletion of the battery’s stored energy faster, by forcing
it to have to keep restoring the dipole faster.

Once the generator or battery source dipole is formed (the
dipole is attached also to the external circuit), it is well
known in particle physics that the dipole (as is any charge)
is a broken symmetry in the vacuum energy flux. By
definition, this means that the source dipole extracts and
orders part of that energy received from its vacuum
interaction, and pours that energy out as the energy flowing
through all space surrounding the external conductors in the
attached circuit. Most of this enormous energy flow surging
through space surrounding the external circuit does not
strike the circuit at all, and does not get intercepted or
utilized. Neither is it diverged into the circuit to power the
electrons, but passes on out into space and is just “wasted”.
Only a small “sheath” of the energy flow along the surface
of the conductors strikes the surface charges in those con-
ductors and is thereby diverged into the circuit to power the
electrons. Standard texts show the huge available but wasted
energy flow component, but only calculate the small portion
of the energy flow that strikes the circuit, is caught by it, and
is utilized to power it.

In a typical circuit, the huge available but “wasted”
component of the energy flow is about 10° times as large as
is the small component intercepted by the surface charges
and diverged into the circuit to power it. Hence, around
every circuit and circuit element such as a coil, there exists
a huge non-intercepted, non-diverged energy flow that is far
greater than the small energy flow being diverted and used
by the circuit or element.

Thus there exists an enormous untapped energy flow
immediately surrounding every EMF power circuit, from
which available excess energy can be intercepted and col-
lected by the circuit, if respective non-linear actions are
initiated that sharply affect and increase the reaction cross
section of the circuit (ie., its ability to intercept this avail-
able but usually wasted energy flow).

The method in which the motor of the present invention
alters the reaction cross section of the coils in the circuit, is
by a novel use, which momentarily changes the reaction
cross section of the coil in which it is invoked. Thus, by this
new motor using only a small amount of current in the form
of a triggering pulse, it is able to evoke and control the
immediate change of the coil’s reaction cross section to this
normally wasted energy flow component. As a result, the
motor captures and directs some of this usually wasted

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US 6,392,370 B1

7

environmental energy, collecting the available excess energy
in the coil and then releasing it for use in the motor. By
timing and switching, the innovative gate design in this new
motor directs the available excess energy so that it over-
comes and reverses the return EMF of the rotor-stator pole
combination during what would normally be the back EMF
and demonstrates the creation of the second back EMF of the
system. Now instead of an “equal retardation” force being
produced in the back EMF region, a forward EMF is
produced that is additive to the rotor/flywheel energy and not
subtractive. In short, it further accelerates the rotor/flywheel.

This results in a non-conservative magnetic field along the
rotor’s path. The line integral of the field around that path
(ie., the net work on the rotor/flywheel to increase its energy
and angular momentum) is not zero but a significant amount.
Hence, the creation of an asymmetrical back EMF impulse
magnetic motor: 1) takes its available excess energy from a
known external source, the huge usually non-intercepted
portion of the energy flow around the coil; 2) further
increases the source dipolarity by this back EMF energy; and
3) produces available excess energy flow directly from the
source dipole’s increased broken symmetry in its fierce
energy exchange with the local vacuum.

No laws of physics or thermodynamics are violated in the
method and device of the present invention, and conserva-
tion of energy rigorously applies at all times. Nonetheless,
by operating as an open dissipative system not in thermo-
dynamic equilibrium with the active vacuum, the system can
permissibly receive available excess energy from a known
environmental source and output more energy to a load than
must be input by the operator alone. As an open system not
in thermodynamic equilibrium, this new and unique motor
can tap in on back EMF to energize itself, loads and losses
simultaneously, fully complying with known laws of physics
and thermodynamics.

A search of prior art failed to reveal any devices that
recycle available energy from back EMF of a permanent
electromagnetic motor generator as described in the present
invention. However, the following prior art patents were
reviewed:

1. US. Pat. No. 5,532,532 to DeVault, et al., Hermetically

Sealed Super-conducting Magnet Motor.

2. U.S. Pat. No. 5,508,575 to Elrod, Jr, Direct Drive
Servovalve Having Magnetically Loaded Bearing.

3. U.S. Pat. No. 5,451,825 to Strohm, Voltage Homopolar
Machine.

4. U.S. Pat. No. 5,371,426 to Nagate et al., Rotor For
Brushless Motor.

5. U.S. Pat. No. 5,369,325 to Nagate et al., Rotor For
Brushless Electromotor And Method For Making
Same.

6. US. Pat. No. 5,356,534 to Zimmermann, deceased et
al., Magnetic-Field Amplifier.

7. US. Pat. No. 5,350,958 to Ohnishi, Super-conducting
Rotating Machine, A Super-conducting Coil, And A
Super-conducting Generator For Use In A Lighting
Equipment Using Solar Energy.

8. U.S. Pat. No. 5,334,894 to Nakagawa, Rotary Pulse
Motor.

9, US. Pat. No. 5,177,054 to Lloyd, et al., Flux Trapped
Superconductor Motor and Method.

10. U.S. Pat. No. 5,130,595 to Arora, Multiple Magnetic
Paths Pulse Machine.

11. US. Pat. No. 4,980,595 to Arora, Multiple Magnetics
Paths Machine.

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12. US. Pat. No. 4,972,112 to Kim, Brushless D.C.
Motor.

13. US. Pat. No. 4,916,346 to Kliman, Composite Rotor
Lamination For Use In Reluctance Homopolar, And
Permanent Magnet Machines.

14. U.S. Pat. No. 4,761,590 to Kaszman, Electric Motor.

15. US. Pat. No. 4,536,230 to Landa, et al., Anisotropic
Permanent Magnets.

16. U.S. Pat. No. Re. 31,950 to Binns, Alternating Current
Generators And Motors.

17. USS. Pat. No. 4,488,075 to DeCesare, Alternator With
Rotor Axial Flux Excitation.

18. US. Pat. No. 4,433,260 to Weisbord et al., Hysteresis
Synchronous Motor Utilizing Polarized Rotor.

19. U.S. Pat. No. 4,429,263 to Muller, Low Magnetic
Leakage Flux Brushless Pulse Controlled D-C Motor.

20. U.S. Pat. No. 4,423,343 to Field, Il, Synchronous
Motor System.

21. US. Pat. No. 4,417,167 to Ishii et al, DC Brushless.
Motor.

22. U.S. Pat. No. 4,265,754 to Menold, Water Treating
Apparatus and Methods.

23. US. Pat. No. 4,265,746 to Zimmermann, Sr. et al.
Water Treating Apparatus and Methods.

24. U.S. Pat. No. 4,222,021 to Bunker, Jr., Magnetic
Apparatus Appearing To Possess a Single Pole.

25. US. Pat. No. 2,974,981 to Vervest et al., Arrester For
Iron Particles.

26. U.S. Pat. No. 2,613,246 to Spodig, Magnetic System.

27. US. Pat. No. 2,560,260 to Sturtevant et al., Tempera-
ture Compensated Magnetic Suspension.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The device and method of the present invention is a new
permanent electromagnetic motor generator that recycles
back EMF energy (regauging) thus allowing the motor to
produce an energy level of COP=0.98, more or less, depend-
ing upon configuration, circuitry, switching elements and the
number and size of stators, rotors and coils that comprise the
motor. The rotor is fixed between two pole pieces of the
stator. The motor generator is initially energized from a
small starter battery means, analogous to a spark plug, that
sends a small amount of energy to the motor, thus stimu-
lating a rotating motion from the rotor. As the rotor rotates,
energy is captured from the surrounding electromagnetic
field containing an asymmetrical pulse wave of back EMF.
The energy produced and captured can be directed in one of
several directions, including returning energy to the initial
starter battery, rotating a shaft for work and/or sending a
current to energize a fan, light bulb or other such device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

FIG. Lis a top perspective view of a back EMF permanent
electromagnetic motor generator with a single stator and a
single rotor.

FIG. 1a is a side perspective view of a timing wheel and
magnetic Hall Effect uptake switch of the back EMF motor
generator.

FIG. 16 is a side perspective view of the rotor of the back
EMF motor generator.

FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing incorporating circuitry for
the back EMF motor generator.

FIG. 3 is a box diagram showing the relationships of the
back EMF motor generator circuitry.

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
INVENTION

The present invention is a device and method for creating
a back EMF permanent electromagnetic motor generator. As
described in the Background Information, this new motor
generator conforms to all applicable electrodynamic laws of
physics and is in harmony with the law of the conservation
of energy, the laws of electromagnetism and other related
natural laws.

The back EMF permanent electromagnetic motor genera-
tor is comprised of combination of electrical, material and
magnetic elements to capture available electromagnetic
energy (back EMF) in a recovery rectifier or single diode
from output coils. The capturing of back EMF energy is also
known as regauging in the art. As an arbitrary starting point
in describing this invention, an input battery, as a means of
energy, sends power through a power on-off switch and then
to a means for timing such as a magnetic timing switch (Hall
Effect magnetic pickup switch, a semiconductor) which
interfaces with or is in apposition to a magnet on a timing
wheel. The timing wheel may contain any number of mag-
nets of one or more, with the South polarity facing outward
and in apposition with the Hall Effect pickup switch. The
timing wheel is mounted at the end of a shaft that also runs
through the center midline of a rotor containing any number
of magnets of two or more. The rotor magnets are arranged
in a manner wherein they have the same polarity and are
equidistant from each other. The shaft has the timing wheel
mounted at one end, the rotor, and then a means for work,
such as a power take off at the opposite end. However, there
are other embodiments in which the position of the rotor,
timing wheel and power take-off have other arrangements.
The rotor is stabilized to a platform or housing means and is
fixed in a stationary position within a stator.

The stator is comprised of a permanent magnet connected
to a means for conducting electromagnetic energy such as
two parallel bars, cach bar having a magnetized pole piece
at one end of each bar. The conduction material of the bar
may be ferrous, powdered iron, silicon steel, stainless mag-
netic steel, laminations of conductive material or any other
magnetic conductive material. Each bar is wrapped in a
conducting means to form an input coil. The means for
conducting may be copper, aluminum or any other conduc-
tive material suitable for making a coil. The primary or input
coil is connected to the switching circuit. A second conduc-
tive wrapping on top of the input coil becomes a secondary
or output coil. The secondary or output coil is connected to
the recovery circuit. The rotor is symmetrically located
between the pole pieces of the bars of the stator and contains
a series of magnets all having the same polarity, North or
South, with each magnet in the rotor being in apposition to
the pole piece as the rotor is in rotation around the shaft.

When the rotor is energized from the battery of the
switching circuit, there is an initial magnetic field that is
instantly overcome as the magnetized pole pieces are in
apposition with the rotor magnets. As the rotor begins to
move, increasing electromagnetic energy is produced as a
result of flux gaiting from the apposed magnets of the rotor
and pole pieces. The coils surrounding the bars “buck” the
permanent magnet connecting the bars. This is known in the
art as the “buck boosting” principle. When the permanent
magnet is bucked by the coils, it reverses the polarity of the
pole pieces which are apposed to the rotor magnets causing
the rotor to increase its rotation or spin. The energy available
from the fields that are collapsing in the primary and
secondary coils, which creates the back EMF within the

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system, is now in non-equilibrium. Through circuitry and a
switching means, energy can be put back into the system.
Available energy captured from the back EMF, may be
applied in different directions, including re-energizing the
input battery, storage in a capacitor, conversion by a recov-
ery rectifier to be stored in the input battery, a capacitor or
a secondary or recovery battery. Recovery rectifiers convert
AC to DC. Available energy may be used to energize an
electric bulb, fan or any other uses.

The shaft in the midline of the rotor can transfer energy
in the form of work through a power take-off. The power
take-off may be connected to any number of secondary
shafts, wheels, gears and belts to increase or reduce torque.

This is a description of the basic invention, however, there
are an innumerable number of combinations and embodi-
ments of stators, rotors, Hall Effect magnetic pickup
switches, coils, recovery rectifiers and electronic connecting
modes that may be combined on a single shaft or several
shafts connected in various combinations and sequences,
and of various sizes. There may be any number of stators to
one rotor, however, there can be only one rotor if there isa
single stator. The number of Hall Effect pickup switches
may vary, for example, in the case of multiple stators of high
resistant coils, the coils may be parallel to form a low
resistant coil so that one Hall Effect pickup with one circuit
may fire all of the stators at the same time. The number of
magnets in both the timing wheel and the rotor may also
vary in number as well as the size and strength of the
magnets in gauss units. All types of magnets may be used
The number of winds on both the input and output coils on
each conducting bar may also vary in number and in
conductive material.

The motor generator, as shown in FIG. 1, a top perspec-
tive view of a single stator, single rotor back EMF motor and
is comprised of a means of providing energy, such as input
battery 10 connected to power switch 11 (shown in FIG. 2)
and Hall Effect magnetic pickup switch 13. Magnetic pickup
13 interfaces with timing wheel 12 to form a timing switch.
Timing wheel 12 is comprised of four magnets 14 with the
South pole of each said magnet facing outward to magnetic
pickup 13. Timing wheel 12 is fixed at one end of shaft 15.
Located on shaft 15 is rotor 16. Rotor 16 can be of any size,
said rotor containing four rotor magnets 17. Said rotor
magnets 17 are arranged in a manner so all have the same
polarity. Opposite timing wheel 12 on shaft 15 is a means for
work, such as a power take-off 18. Rotor 16 is mounted in
a fixed position with rotor magnets 17 in apposition with
magnetized pole pieces 19a and 19d. Each pole piece 19a
and 19d is connected to iron bars 20a and 20b. Iron bars 20a
and 20b are connected by a permanent magnet 21. A means
for conduction is wrapped around iron bars 20a and 20b to
form input coils 22@ and 226. Superimposed upon input
coils 22a and 22b are output coils 23a and 235. Output coils
23a and 23b are connected to full wave bridge first recovery
rectifier 24a. First rectifier 24a is connected to battery 10.

FIG. 1a is a perspective side view of the back EMF Motor
Generator timing wheel 12 with Hall Effect magnetic pickup
switch 13 in apposition individually to each of four magnets
14 as said timing wheel 12 rotates. Said magnets 14 have the
South polarity facing outward with an equidistant separation
of 90°.

FIG. 1b is a perspective side view of rotor 16 with four
rotor magnets 17 with 900 equidistant separation and having
the same polarity.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the motor generator
circuitry showing input coil connections from input battery

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10 through power switch 11, transistors 30a,b, resistors
31a-d, through power supply lead 32 (VCC+) and to mag-
netic pickup 13. Magnetic pickup 13 is in apposition with
timing wheel magnets 14 located on timing wheel 12. Off of
magnetic pickup 13 is collector lead 33 and ground lead 34.
When current is reversed, it flows through resistor 3le and
transistor 30¢ to input battery 10. Input coils 22a,b send
power to full wave bridge first recovery rectifier 24a which
then sends power through switch recovery 27 back into the
system, and/or to input battery 10. Output coils 23a and 23b
send power through single diode second recovery rectifier
24b to recovery battery 25. In this particular embodiment,
the value and type number of the components are as follow:
Hall Effect magnetic pickup switch 13 is a No. 302
transistor 30a is a No. 2N-2955; transistor 30b is a No.
MPS-8599; and transistor 30c is a No. 2N-3055; resistors
31a and b are 470 ohms resistors; resistor 31b is a 2.2 K
ohms resistor; resistor 3lc is a 220 ohms resistor; resistor
31d isa 1 K ohms resistor; and recovery rectifier 24a is a 10
Amp, 400 volts bridge rectifier.

FIG. 3 is a box diagram showing the flow of voltage from
input battery A, through recovery circuit B, switching circuit
C and motor coils D. Motor coils D send available back
EMF energy through recovery circuit B, and from B to
recovery battery E and input battery A. Available back EMF
energy can also flow from switching circuit C to recovery
circuit B.

In multiple stator/rotor systems, each individual stator
may be energized one at a time or all of the stators may be
energized simultaneously. Any number of stators and rotors
may be incorporated into the design of such multiple stator/
rotor motor generator combinations. However, while there
may be several stators per rotor, there can only be one rotor
for a single stator. The number of stators and rotors that
would comprise a particular motor generator is dependent
upon the amount of power required in the form of watts. The
desired size and horse power of the motor determines
whether the stators will be in parallel or fired sequentially by
the magnetic Hall Effect pickup switch or switches. The
number of magnets incorporated into a particular rotor is
dependent upon the size of the rotor and power required of
the motor generator. In a multiple stator/rotor motor
generator, the timing wheel may have one or more magnets,
but must have one magnet Hall Effect pickup switch for each
stator if the stators are not arranged in parallel. The back
EMF energy is made available through the reversing of the
polarity of the magnetized pole pieces thus collapsing the
field around the coils and reversing the flow of energy to the
recovery diodes, which is capturing the back EMF.

Individual motors may be connected in sequence with
each motor having various combinations of stators and
rotors or in parallel. Each rotor may have any number of
rotor magnets ranging from a minimum of 2 to maximum of
60. The number of stators for an individual motor may range
from 1 to 60 with the number of conducting bars ranging
from 2 to 120.

‘What distinguishes this motor generator from all others in
the art is the presence of a permanent magnet connecting the
two conducting bars which transfer magnetic energy through
the pole pieces to the rotor, thereby attracting the rotor
between the pole pieces. With the rotor attracted in between
the two pole pieces, the coils switch the polarity of the
magnetic field of the pole pieces so that the rotor is repelled
out. Therefore there is no current and voltage being used to
attract the rotor. The only current being used is the repulsion
of the rotor between the two conductive bar pole pieces
thereby requiring only a small amount of current to repel the

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rotor. This is known as a regauging system and allows the
capturing of available back EMF energy for use.

Finally, although the invention has been described with
reference of particular means, materials and embodiments, it
is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the
particulars disclosed and extends to all equivalents within
the scope of the claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A back EMF permanent electromagnetic motor gen-
erator using a regauging process for capturing available
electromagnetic energy in the system comprising:

a. a means for producing a source of input energy to said
motor generator, said energy conducted through a
power switch and a magnetic timing switch;

b. a means for timing said motor generator, having a
timing wheel connected to a shaft, said timing wheel
comprised of one or more magnets, said magnets
arranged so that the South polarity faces outward and is
in apposition with said timing switch;

c. a rotor and a means for transferring a force on said
shaft, said rotor containing magnets having the same
polarity;

d. a stator comprised of two bars made of a magnetic
conductive means, said bars connected by a permanent
magnet and having a pole piece at one end of each said
bar, said pole pieces thereby magnetized and in appo-
sition with magnets of said rotor, said rotor positioned
between said pole pieces;

e. an input coil comprised of a conductive material
wrapped around each of said bars of said stator, said
input coil connected to a circuit;

f. an output coil comprised of a conductive material
wrapped around each of said input coil of said bars,
said output coils connected to a recovery rectifier or
diode;

g. said circuit for transferring electrical power, said circuit
connecting said means for producing input energy to
said power switch, said circuit comprising a pickup
timing switch thereby providing an electronic voltage
pulse to said circuit and then to said coils resulting in
rotation of said rotor, said rotor turning said timing
wheel to provide additional electronic voltage pulses to
said circuit and then to said coils again, thereby pro-
viding a means for collecting available back EMF
energy for storage, use or dissipation into the system.

2. The motor generator of claim 1, wherein said input
producing means is a battery.

3. The motor generator of claim 1, wherein said magnetic
timing switch is a Hall Effect magnetic pickup semiconduc-
tor.

4. The motor generator of claim 1, wherein the number of
rotors may range from 1 to 60.

5. The motor generator of claim 1, wherein the number of
magnets in said rotor has a range of 2 to 60.

6. The motor generator of claim 1, wherein said magnetic
conductive means may be ferrous, powdered iron, silicon
steel, stainless magnetic steel, laminations of a conductive
material or any other magnetic conductive material.

7. The motor generator of claim 1, wherein the number of
magnetic conductive bars has a range of 2 to 120.

8. The motor generator of claim 1, wherein said means for
transferring a force on said shaft may be a power take-off
mechanism, gears, flywheels, belts or other methods of
transferring force for the purpose of doing work.

9. A back EMF permanent electromagnetic motor gen-
erator using a regauging process for capturing available
electromagnetic energy in the system comprising:

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13

a. a battery connected to a power switch and a Hall Effect
magnetic pickup switch, said magnetic pickup switch
in apposition with a timing wheel, said timing wheel on
a shaft;

b. a rotor and a power take-off means on said shaft, said

rotor having four magnets of the same polarity, said

magnets equidistant from each other;

a stator, said stator comprised of two iron bars con-

nected by a permanent magnet and wrapped in a first

copper conducting material to form an input coil that is
connected to a circuit, on top of said input coil, there is
wrapped a second copper conducting material to form

an output coil with said output coil connected to a

recovery rectifier or single diode, said iron bars further

having a pole piece at one of each end of said bars, said
pole pieces in apposition to said magnets on said rotor;

d. a circuit for transferring electrical power, said circuit
connecting said battery to said power switch, said
circuit comprising-said Hall Effect pickup switch
thereby providing an electronic voltage pulse through
said circuit and then to said coils resulting in rotation of
said rotor, said rotor turning said timing wheel to
provide additional electronic voltage pulses to said
coils again, thereby providing a means for collecting
available back EMF energy for storage, use or dissi-
pation into the system.

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10. A method of producing a back EMF permanent

electromagnetic motor generator using a regauging process
comprising the steps of:

a. placing a rotor containing magnets of the same polarity
on a shaft with a timing wheel on said shaft;

b. placing in apposition to said timing wheel a Hall Effect
magnetic pickup switch;

c. placing in apposition to said magnets of said rotor
magnetized pole pieces of a stator, said stator com-
prised of two conducting bars connected by a perma-
nent magnet; input coil connected a circuit;

e. on top of said input coil, wrapping a second conducting,
material to form an output coil, said output coil con-
nected to a recovery rectifier or a single diode;

f. connecting a circuit for transferring electrical power,
said circuit connected to a battery and a power switch,
said circuit comprising said Hall Effect magnetic
pickup switch thereby providing an electronic voltage
pulse to said circuit and then to said coils resulting in
increase rotation of said rotor, said rotor turning said
timing wheel to provide additional electronic pulses to
said circuit and then to said coils again, thereby pro-
viding a means for collecting available back EMF
energy for storage, use or dissipation into the system.

ee ee